Don't be fooled by the name: a black hole is anything but empty space. Rather, it is a large amount of matter compressed into a very small space - imagine a star ten times the mass of the Sun crammed into a sphere the size of New York City. As a result, nothing, not even light, can escape the gravitational field. NASA instruments have recently drawn a new picture of these unusual objects, which many consider to be the most fascinating objects in space.
Don't be fooled by the name: a black hole is anything but empty space. Rather, it is a large amount of matter compressed into a very small space - imagine a star ten times the mass of the Sun crammed into a sphere the size of New York City. As a result, nothing, not even light, can escape the gravitational field. NASA instruments have recently drawn a new picture of these unusual objects, which many consider to be the most fascinating objects in space.
Black holes cannot be observed directly using telescopes that detect x-rays, light, or other kinds of electromagnetic radiation. We can, however, deduce the presence of black holes and study them by observing their effect on adjacent matter. A black hole, for example, will attract matter inside as it travels through a cloud of interstellar matter, a process called as accretion. If a normal star comes close to a black hole, a similar scenario can occur. In this situation, as it draws the star toward itself, the black hole has the potential to rip it apart. As the attracted matter accelerates and warms up, x-rays are emitted and radiate into space. Recent discoveries provide some tantalising evidence that black holes have a significant impact on neighbourhoods.
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One Star's End is a Black Hole's Beginning
The majority of black holes form from the remains of a massive star that explodes in a supernova explosion. (Smaller stars collapse into dense neutron stars, which lack the mass to confine light.) If the entire mass of the star is large enough (approximately three times the mass of the Sun), no force can prevent the star from collapsing under the effect of gravity. A curious thing happens as the star crashes. As the star's surface approaches an imaginary surface known as the "event horizon," time on the star slows in comparison to time kept by observers far away. When the surface hits the event horizon, time stops and the star can no longer collapse - it is a black hole.
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